Viral hepatitis hepatitis is inflammation of the liver. Table 3 factors in the disease outcome with chronic hepatitis b 10. Igm antihbc positive if done or hbsag positive and igm antihav negative if done. According to the far from complete data of the world health organization who for 1950 to 1961, incidence of the disease varied from 40. Viral hepatitis definition of viral hepatitis by medical. Viral hepatitis definition of viral hepatitis by the free. The most common causes of viral hepatitis are the five unrelated hepatotropic viruses hepatitis a, hepatitis b, hepatitis c, hepatitis d, and hepatitis e. Specific hepatitis viruses have been labeled a, b, c, d, and e.
All three types can be acute, lasting for 6 months or less, and types b and c can be. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Pdf viral hepatitis represents a disease entity caused by at least five unrelated. There are different types and causes of hepatitis, but the symptoms. The three main types of hepatitis are known as hepatitis a, b, and c. Viral hepatitis is a systemic infection affecting predominantly the liver and causing its inflammation. Dec 27, 2018 home medterms medical dictionary az list digestion center viral hepatitis definition medical definition of viral hepatitis medical author. Hepatitis a and hepatitis e typically spread through contact with food or water that has been. Symptoms of hepatitis are universal, regardless if caused by an infectious agent or chronic condition, and can include fatigue, anorexia, abdominal pain, fever, diarrhea, vomiting, jaundice. Basic knowledge of viral diseases definition, examples. Not only does viral hepatitis carry a high morbidity, but it also stresses medical resources and can have severe economic consequences. While all three types of hepatitis can cause similar symptoms, each virus is spread in different ways. When the liver is inflamed or damaged, its function can be affected. Viral hepatitis represents a disease entity caused by at least five unrelated viruses whose primary tissue tropism is the.
The virus is excreted in the stool of an infected person and can be passed persontoperson or through contaminated food and water. The main objective of this report is to provide an overview of the current situation regarding. Case definition for reporting of acute viral hepatitis illness with. Technical considerations and case definitions to improve surveillance for viral hepatitis.
Viral hepatitis medical definition merriamwebster medical. East asia, in particular mongolia, is the region most affected. The liver is a vital organ that processes nutrients, filters the blood, and fights infections. Hepatitis b is caused by hepatitis b virus, a hepadnavirus that can cause both acute and chronic hepatitis. Diagnosis of chronic hbv infection is defined as the persistence of hbsag for more. Hepatitis a is an acute viral disease of the liver that is transmitted through the fecaloral route. Other types are spread by eating undercooked pork or wild game. This content is provided as a service of the national institute of diabetes. Shellfish grown in sewagecontaminated water can also transmit such disease. Hav, hbv, and hcv are the more common types of viral hepatitis found in the us population 26. Viral hepatitis is an inflammatory diseased state of the liver caused by various viruses, namely hepatitis a hav, hbv, hcv, hepatitis d, and hepatitis e. Symptoms and infections of disease caused by hepatitis virus definition hepatitis virus a and e can be transmitted through contaminated food and water with sewage. In communities where food and sanitation services are not optimal, hepatitis a and e tend to be more common.
Hepatitis a rarely causes longterm liver damage or death. Of the many viral causes of human hepatitis few are of greater global importance than hepatitis b virus hbv. Viral hepatitis definition at, a free online dictionary with pronunciation, synonyms and translation. Introduction viral hepatitis, refers to infections that affect the liver and are caused by viruses. Pdf viral hepatitis is caused mainly by infection with one of the five hepatitis viruses, which use the. Action plan for the prevention, care, and treatment of viral. Heavy alcohol use, toxins, some medications, and certain medical conditions can cause hepatitis.
Up to 90% of infants infected with the hepatitis b virus will develop a chronic infection. Symptoms of all types of viral hepatitis are similar and can include one or more of the following. Viral hepatitis is a group of infectious diseases that affects hundreds of millions of people worldwide. Viral hepatitis an introduction hepatitis, or inflammation of the liver, can be caused by several very different viruses. Hcv is able to evade immune recognition with its genome prone to mutations. Viral hepatitis hepatitis is a disease of the liver most often caused by a virus.
It helps your body digest food, store energy, and remove poisons. Hepatitis involves inflammation of the liver cells and damage to the liver. New hepatitis b and c infections are seen more often in recipients of organs, blood, and tissue, along with persons working or receiving care in health settings, and in vulnerable groups. Whereas hepatitis b,c,d and g can be transmitted parently, blood transfusion, and physical contact. Hepatitis may also be due to autoimmune disease, alcohol, medications, or toxic agents. They all affect the liver and have similar symptoms, but transmission and treatments differ. Viral hepatitis is classified alphabeticallyfrom a to g. Hepatitis a and hepatitis b can be prevented by vaccination. Surveillance for viral hepatitis united states, 2017. The acute form of hepatitis, generally caused by viral infection, is characterized by constitutional symptoms that are typically selflimiting. Are gay and bisexual men at risk for viral hepatitis.
Hepatitis e is typically an acute infection that gets better without treatment after several weeks. Only 3% of hb ag carriers gave a past history of overt viral hepatitis. This issue of viral hepatitis reports the topics covered at the vhpbs country meeting, held on november 1819th, 2010 in lisbon, portugal. Abstract viral hepatitis is caused mainly by infection with one of the five hepatitis viruses, which use the liver as their primary site of replication. Mar 19, 2020 the most common types of viral hepatitis are a, b, and c. It is a major public health issue in the united states and worldwide. The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication. The viral proteins may also directly inhibit dc and tcell functions by. Hepatitis c is the most common type of viral hepatitis infection in the united states. Pdf the biology and pathogenesis of hepatitis viruses. Data sources in order for a health department to report diagnosed cases of viral hepatitis to the cdc, they must have systems in place that ensure each diagnosed case is detected. Hepatitis b and c cause acute infection that can lead to chronic longterm infection. Statistics estimated 6,700 new infections in 2017 estimated 22,200 new infections in 2017 estimated 862,000 people living with chronic hbv infection in 2016 estimated 44,700 new infections in 2017 estimated 2.
Inflammation is swelling that occurs when tissues of the body become injured or infected. It is spread by sexual contact or by contact with stool, urine, blood or other body fluids of an infected person. The biology and pathogenesis of hepatitis viruses article pdf available in current science 983. The most common types of viral hepatitis are a, b, and c. The likelihood that a person develops a chronic infection depends on the age at which someone becomes infected. Hepatitis can lead to liver damage, liver failure, or. Researchers have discovered several different viruses. May 06, 2020 inflammation of the liver, usually from a viral infection. Most cases of hepatitis can be spread to other people.
The most common hepatitis infections are hepatitis a, hepatitis b, and hepatitis c. Some types of hepatitis e virus are spread by drinking water contaminated by an infected persons stool. Viral hepatitis is an inflammatory diseased state of the liver caused by various viruses, namely hepatitis. The national health profile 2016 identified viral hepatitis to contribute to 3% of all deaths related to communicable diseases in india in 2015. Poliomyelitis is an acute viral infection that destroys the cell bodies of motor neurons in the. Current and historical conditions indexed list of current and historical nationally notifiable conditions. Viral hepatitis is a widespread disease, occurring in every country of the world.
Viral hepatitis is a systemic disease with primary inflammation of the liver by any one of a heterogeneous group of hepatotropic viruses. Jaundice fever fatigue loss of appetite nausea vomiting abdominal pain joint pain dark urine claycolored stool diarrhea hav only. Viral hepatitis is an infection that causes liver inflammation and damage. Effective treatments for hepatitis c are available but costly.
National viral hepatitis action plan for 20172020 action plan uses this knowledge and these tools to prevent new infections, improve the lives of people living with viral hepatitis, and chart a course toward elimination of these public health threats. Viral hepatitis article about viral hepatitis by the free. Hepatitis b vaccination and hepatitis b immune because there is a high risk of acquiring hbv from a needlestick injury, health care profession. Chronic hepatitis develops in the 15% of adults who are unable to eliminate the virus after an initial infection. Identified methods of transmission include contact with blood, blood transfusion now rare, unsanitary tattoos, sex through sexual intercourse or contact with bodily fluids.
Any of various forms of hepatitis caused by a virus. There were no changes to case definitions for acute or chronic viral hepatitis. These viruses can spread through food, water, infected blood, and bodily fluids. In the united states, viral hepatitis is usually caused by the hepatitis a, b, or c virus. Hepatitis has a broad spectrum of presentations that range from a complete lack of symptoms to severe liver failure. Who has defined the elimination of viral hepatitis as a public health threat as achieving a 90% reduction in. They all affect the liver and have similar symptoms, but transmission and treatments. Dec 18, 2011 hepatitis delta virion from murray et. Jun 12, 2017 hepatitis, a general term referring to inflammation of the liver, may result from various causes, both infectious ie, viral, bacterial, fungal, and parasitic organisms and noninfectious eg, alcohol, drugs, autoimmune diseases, and metabolic diseases.
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