The adult is 38 inch long, with oval body and a yellowbrown color with 5 black stripes on each wing cover. The colorado potato beetle has become increasing difficult to control with insecticides, because it has developed resistance to many chemicals. The purpose of this project is to apply novel genomic approaches to test for polygenic insecticide resistance and the role of standing variation in the colorado potato beetle cpb, leptinotarsa decemlineata. Selection, inheritance and characterization of carbofuran.
Its host range encompasses all members of the solanaceous family, such as potato, tomato, pepper, egg plant, and weeds such all nightshades and buffalo bur. Now called the oldfashioned potato bug, this long slender beetle. New tools and strategies for the next decade of pest control in potato, journal of integrated pest management, volume 5, issue 4, 1 december 2014, pages. Hand picking is possible, especially for small gardens. Initial selection in the field resulted in over 99. Insecticide resistance and colorado potato beetle adaption of insect pests to grower management strategies e. Insecticide resistance in colorado potato beetle, leptinotarsa decemlineata say, in michigan was first reported in 1984 but caused severe economic problems beginning in 1991. Agricultural experts can tell you which ones are likely to work in your area. Colorado potato beetle resistance to insecticides springerlink. Colorado potato beetles are resistant to essentially all synthetic pesticides like carbaryl, cypermethrin, deltamethrin, lambda cyhalothrin, imidacloprid, permethrin, and pyrethrins. In general, potato plants are sensitive to beetle defoliation up to 60 days after planting zehnder and evanylo 1989.
Colorado potato beetle none of the control techniques developed against this pest during the past 5 years has provided longterm protection of potato crops, and the beetle continues to be a major threat, evolving pesticide resistance repeatedly. Insecticide resistance action committee defines resistance as a heritable change in the sensitivity of a pest population that is reflected in the repeated failure of a product to achieve the expected level of control when used according to the label recommendation for that pest species. The colorado potato beetle cpb was first observed in nebraska and then identified in colorado. Thresholds economic thresholds for colorado potato beetle. The colorado potato beetle leptinotarsa decemlineata is by far the biggest pest for both backyard and commercial potato growers. Jun 27, 2019 colorado potato beetles typically exhibit strong resistance to such a pesticide due to its wide usage in the past. The colorado potato beetle, leptinotarsa decemlineata say, is a major pest of potatoes in most potato growing regions of the world, including iran. It is effective against some insects such as the colorado potato beetle and certain cotton pests that have become resistant to the existing insecticides. A complex and diverse life history, combined with an impressive ability to develop insecticide resistance, make the. Colorado potato beetle an overview sciencedirect topics. The colorado potato beetle was first recognized as a pest of potato in colorado in 1859 after settlers introduced potatoes into the insect%.
Colorado potato beetle leptinotarsa decemlineata cpb is a serious insect pest of potatoes but will also attack eggplant, tomato and pepper in that order of preference. Colorado potato beetle dip test on farm test to determine. Managing colorado potato beetle insecticide resistance. Anytime you use a pesticide and it does not seem to kill colorado. Insecticide options for colorado potato beetle control. Spinosad is a relatively new fermentation product that has good activity against most caterpillars, colorado potato beetles, and thrips.
Managing colorado potato beetle neonicotinoid resistance. Resistance evaluation and management of colorado potato. Resistance levels in ontario may vary depending on the location. Leptinotarsa decemlineata is a common pest of solanaceae crops, especially potato, but also eggplant, tomato, pepper and tobacco. The eggs are orange and are found in clusters on the undersides of leaves. Evidence for delayed emergence in colorado potato beetle management implications.
This beetle is a voracious feeder and could consume 40 cm 2 of potato leaves during the larval stage and 10. Pdf changes in the colorado potato beetle leptinotarsa. Review article on colorado potato beetle resistance to. This insect has a complicated and diverse life history, which is wellsuited to agricultural environments, and makes it a complex and challenging pest. A survey of resistance to spinosad in colorado potato beetles leptinotarsa. The choice of an insecticide to control the colorado potato beetle cpb is difficult because of the high levels of resistance now being found in beetle populations. These products are unlikely to be effective and their use is not suggested. Toshio narahashi, in hayes handbook of pesticide toxicology third edition, 2010. Wisconsin fresh fruit and vegetable growers association. Cultural controls, reduced risk pesticides as well as other pesticides are recommended for each pest.
Fungicides as inadvertent drivers of insecticide resistance in colorado potato beetles leptinotarsa decemlineata pdf. They hatch into tiny larvae which are reddish brown with small black spots. It describes how the plant health service for england will respond if an infestation of leptinotarsa decemlineata is discovered on potato solanum tuberosum. Economic impact of insecticide resistance in the colorado. Colorado potato beetle is legendary for its capacity to develop insecticide resistance forgash, 1981. Colorado potato beetle sometimes called potato bugs, these insect are the bane of potato and eggplant growers. Geographic variation in winter hardiness of a common agricultural pest, leptinotarsa decemlineata, the colorado potato beetle. The feeding damage caused by cpb will drastically reduce yield if no effective control is applied. It is a serious problem in general, and in colorado. This insect has a complicated and diverse life history, which is wellsuited to agricultural environments, and makes it a complex and challenging pest to.
In the absence of control measures, colorado potato beetle damage can result in complete defoliation of potato fields. Colorado potato beetle has developed resistance to all major classes of synthetic insecticidal classes, including the neonicotinoid imidacloprid zhao et al. A survey of insecticide resistance in over 150 canadian populations of colorado potato beetle was completed between 2008 and 2011. In addition to potato, colorado potato beetle can be a serious pest of tomato, eggplant, and pepper. Its current range covers about 16 million km2 in north america, europe, and asia and continues to expand. However, there is certainly a good possibility of such a development. The colorado potato beetle is an important pest of solanaceous plants. It is important to understand the life cycle of any pest you are trying to control for information on colorado potato beetle identification, life cycle, and crop injury, please see our main colorado potato. Genetic factors associated with insecticide resistance in. The colorado potato beetle is notorious for its ability to rapidly develop resistance to insecticides that are used repeatedly for control. Scout the field for cpbs even if a systemic insecticide was used as a seed treatment or in furrow. Pdf neonicotinoid insecticides have been the most common management tool for colorado potato beetle, leptinotarsa decemlineata say. Collect any beetles found in the field before the expected loss of activity of the systemic insecticide.
The syngenta portfolio contains both neonicotinoidbased products as. This document will be used in conjunction with the defra generic contingency plan for. Incidence and spread of knockdown resistance kdr in german colorado potato beetle leptinotarsa decemlineata say populations vol. The colorado potato beetle is notorious for its rapid development of insecticide resistance, even compared to other major pests, such as those on cotton. Microbial insecticides are not toxic to beneficial insects, humans, or other vertebrates. It has 69 shown a spectacular ability to adapt to a variety of solanaceaeous plants and variable climates 70 during its global invasion, and, notably, to rapidly evolve insecticide resistance. Dow agrosciences, indianapolis, in, supplemented with manual removal. Colorado potato beetles typically exhibit strong resistance to such a pesticide due to its wide usage in the past.
The colorado potato beetle cpb is a major insect pest on potatoes, tomatoes and eggplants. Insecticide resistance in the colorado potato beetle in proceedings of the symposium on the colorado potato beetle, xvii international congress. The adults appear from hibernation in may, feed on young leaves for 510 days, mate, and then immediately start with oviposition. Colorado potato beetles in rotated potato, solanum tuberosum l. Egg mass on underside of leaf adults feed for a short time in the spring, and then begin to mate and lay clusters of 1030 eggs on the undersides of leaves. Mexico is considered the center of origin for this pest. Colorado potato beetle is a key pest of potato and eggplant throughout the northeast and requires a combination of cultural, biological and chemical strategies for effective control. Since the middle of the last century, the beetle has developed resistance to 52 different compounds belonging to all major insecticide.
Reducing insecticide resistance of colorado potato beetle. The colorado potato beetle, leptinotarsa decemlineata say, is widely. Raymond miller 1 and richard veilleux 2 view more view less. Except for several cases of adaptation to resistant potato species that have already been discussed above, there are no reports of colorado potato beetle resistances to nonchemical methods of its control. Role of ache in colorado potato beetle leptinotarsa decemlineata. Managing colorado potato beetle insecticide resistance oxford. The native host for this insect is a relative of potato, buffalo bur solanum rostratum. Evolution and spread of insecticide resistance in the. However, no one beetle is resistant to all insecticides. Chrysomelidae strain resistant to bacillus thuringiensis. To date such problems with pesticide resistance in colorado potato beetle has not been seen in the region and a very wide range of insecticides remain very effective for control. General garden pests commonly found on vegetables and recommended. Colorado potato beetle, a notorious pest that is difficult to control. Nonchemical controls because the colorado potato beetle has been documented to rapidly develop resistance to some chemical insecticides, the use of other nontraditional strategies figure 4.
Resistance evaluation and management of colorado potato beetle, leptinotarsa decemlineata say, using novel chemistries adam francis wimer abstract leptinotarsa decemlineata say is the most important defoliating pest of potato solanum tuberosum l. Insecticide resistance in the colorado potato beetle in proceedings of the symposium on the colorado potato beetle, xvii international congress of entomology, august 1984 ed. Agricultural fungicides inadvertently influence the fitness. Colorado potato beetle adults spend the winter 510 inches underground in potato fields, field margins, windbreaks and gardens. Colorado potato beetle management radcliffes ipm world. Insecticides are commonly used to control populations of colorado potato beetle, but resistance to insecticides develops rapidly wilkerson et al. It is a well known pest in both commercial fields as well as home gardens. The colorado potato beetle, leptinotarsa decemlineata, is the most significant insect pest of the solanaceous family of plants, which includes potatoes, tomatoes, and eggplant.
Colorado potato beetles are quite good at developing resistance to insecticides when they are repeatedly exposed to insecticides that kill the beetles in the same way. Fipronil is a phenylpyrazole compound and was developed as a useful insecticide in the mid1990s. Non technical summary the colorado potato beetle is a major economic pest of potato and related crops worldwide, and has evolved resistance to most of the insecticides tried against it. The objectives were to select for resistance to carbofuran in a susceptible field population of colorado potato beetles, leptinotarsa decemlineata say, assess the progression of resistance, and characterize the inheritance and possible mechanism of resistance. Variation in host usage among geographic populations of leptinotarsa decemlineata, the colorado potato beetle.
Leptinebased resistance to colorado potato beetle among interspecific hybrids of wild potato in hortscience. Developed by associate professor andrei alyokhin, extension. Insecticide product per acre preharvest interval, remarks foliar treatments allowable for certified organic production. Colorado potato is commonly referred to as the potato bug. Tebbe c, breckheimer b, racca p, schorn c, kleinhenz b, nauen r. Pdf the colorado potato beetle, leptinotarsa decemlineata say, is widely regarded as the most important insect defoliator of potatoes. Testing the polygenic basis of insecticide resistance in. Pdf colorado potato beetle resistance to insecticides. This beetle is the most common and destructive leaf feeding pest of potato. Colorado potato beetle leptinotarsa decemlineata say. Leptinebased resistance to colorado potato beetle among. Imidacloprid resistance is still localized in the united states, but the. However, insecticide resistance in this insect will likely remain a major.
This pest specific response plan has been prepared by the defra risk and horizon scanning team. Prior to the coming of the colorado potato beetle as a pest, the name potato bug was used to describe a different beetle that is a relatively minor pest on potatoes. Management strategies should begin when the first beetles of the season are seen, or earlier. Increasing the dose of an insecticide once the number of resistant beetles has begun to increase will not prevent. The evolution of spinosad resistance in colorado potato beetles. Sep 24, 2008 the colorado potato beetle, leptinotarsa decemlineata say, is widely regarded as the most important insect defoliator of potatoes. The colorado potato beetle cpb is one of the most serious insect pests of potatoes. They are soft bodied and are often called soft shells. The population as a whole is resistant to at least 56 different insecticides. It is a serious problem in general, and in colorado potato beetle control in particular. Insecticide resistance in the colorado potato beetle.
How to control the colorado potato beetle organically. These tiny beetles with orange and black stripes are prodigious breeders, and each female can lay up to 25 eggs at a time. Three neonicotinoid and two anthranilic diamide insecticides were tested at a discriminating concentration dc with second. Andrei alyokhin, mitchell baker, david motasanchez, galen dively,and edward grafius. In the warmer latitudes where it might better prosper in the potato crop, cpb is not much of a pest andor potato. With the registration of imidacloprid in 1995, potato growers had access to a new group of watersoluble, systemic insecticides that provided excellent control of leaffeeding pests like the colorado potato beetle, leptinotarsa decemlineata say fig. The colorado potato beetle, leptinotarsa decemlineata say, is found throughout most of the united states and mexico and has been introduced into europe and parts of asia. Nault, managing colorado potato beetle insecticide resistance. Syngenta offers a broad portfolio of potato insecticides that effectively control colorado potato beetle, even in areas where colorado potato beetles have exhibited resistance to neonicotinoids. The colorado potato beetle, leptinotarsa decemlineata say, is widely regarded as the most important insect defoliator of potatoes. Extension presentations wisconsin vegetable entomology. The phenomenon of insecticide resistance pesticide resistance in arthropods costs. Pesticide resistance is commonly cited as one of the main reasons for switching from a chemicalbased pest management system to a system based on using nonchemical alternatives.
Pdf managing colorado potato beetle insecticide resistance. Their damage can greatly reduce yield and even kill plants. Pesticide resistance an overview sciencedirect topics. Changes in the colorado potato beetle leptinotarsa decemlineata say susceptibility level to pyrethroids and the pest resistance mechanisms to deltamethrin.
Colorado potato beetles leptinotarsa decemlineata are a major pest of. One explanation that has been suggested for this phenomenon is that resistant beetles disperse less readily than susceptible beetles, and that crop rotation thereby selects for susceptibility. Increasing the dose of an insecticide once the number of resistant beetles has begun to increase will not prevent resistance from increasing. How to control and get rid of colorado potato beetles. Cultural and chemical approaches for cpb management are described in the cornell guidelines for commercial vegetable production available for purchase from the cornell store, and in the organic potato production guide. Insecticide resistance in the colorado potato beetle coleoptera. Grafius 1997 conducted an extensive fouryear study of the economic impact of the colorado potato beetle insecticide resistance on the michigan potato industry. The colorado potato beetle leptinotarsa decemlineata, also known as the colorado beetle, the tenstriped spearman, the tenlined potato beetle or the potato bug, is a major pest of potato crops. Polygenic resistance drawn from standing variation could explain how insects rapidly overcome multiple classes of pesticides. Its current range covers about 16 million km2 in north america.
Although such an argument is definitely valid, it is important to remember that pests can also adapt to nonchemical methods of control. We have developed an integrated resistance management program for the colorado potato beetle that includes. The colorado potato beetle is notorious for its ability to rapidly develop resistance to. The colorado potato beetle cpb, leptinotarsa decemlineata say, is an agricultural pest of solanaceous crops which has developed insecticide resistance at an alarming rate.
Evolution and management of resistance in the colorado potato. Nault2 postdoctoral associate1 and professor2 department of entomology cornell university, new york state agricultural experiment station geneva, ny 14456. Over a period of 45 weeks, each female lays up to ca. Surveys conducted by the michigan potato industry commission and potato growers of michigan from 1991 through 1994 document the increased colorado potato beetle control costs and yield losses. Dec 01, 2014 for almost two decades, neonicotinoid insecticides have been the cornerstone of insect pest management in cultivated potato, solanum tuberosum l. Colorado potato beetle 22 caution n 12 hr 7 f malathion many brands and formulations aphid, blister beetle, grasshopper, leafhopper 1b warning or caution n 12 hr 0 f methomyl lannate lv, lannate sp dupont aphid, flea beetle, leafhopper, lepidoptera, colorado potato beetle, lygus, psyllid, thrips 1a danger poison y 48 hr 6. Up to this point, little consideration has been given to unintended, or inadvertent effects that noninsecticide xenobiotics may have on insecticide susceptibility in l. Weather conditions determine the number of cpb generations per season. Both the adult striped beetle and the blackspotted.
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